Background NHS 111 is a phone and online urgent care triage and assessment system that aims to reduce UK ED demand. In 2020, 111 First was introduced to triage patients before entry to the ED and to ...

Background Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug used to prevent bleeding. It was introduced as an intervention for post-traumatic haemorrhage across emergency medical services (EMS) in ...

Background Capillary refill (CR) time is traditionally assessed by ‘naked-eye’ inspection of the return to original colour of a tissue after blanching pressure. Few studies have addressed ...

A 39-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with a 10-hour history of palpitations but denied any chest pain, breathlessness or syncope. His medical history and family history were ...