Identifying causal relationships from observational data is not easy. Still, researchers are often interested in examining the effects of policy changes or other decisions. In those analyses, ...

Central to the idea of variance components models is the idea of fixed and random effects. Each effect in a variance components model must be classified as either a fixed or a random effect. Fixed ...

It is well known from the Monte-Carlo work of Nerlove that using the standard within-group estimator for dynamic models with fixed individual effects generates estimates which are inconsistent as the ...

This paper is concerned with developing a non-parametric time-varying coefficient model with fixed effects to characterize non-stationarity and trending phenomenon in a non-linear panel data model. We ...

When members of a cohort are grouped, mixed-effects models are often used to fit to exposure data, as these models allow an analyst to treat the group as either a fixed or a random effect.